Series
AY 2014

A New Gakumon no Susume (An Encouragement of Learning) – University of Tokyo Professors in the Modern Era (Global Focus on Knowledge)

Coordinator: Syunya Yoshimi (Vice President, Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies) Navigator: Sachiko Morimoto (The University of Tokyo Archives, The University Museum, the University of Tokyo) Throughout modern times, the University of Tokyo was the main stage where “learning” was born, transplanted, and transformed in Japan. At the University of Tokyo, the academic discipline of engineering was created via Scotland by developments in industry in England, medicine was developed based on German medicine, there was the shift from wasan (traditional Japanese mathematics) to modern mathematics, and in physics, the former shogunate scholars created knowledge that did not come from the foreign government advisors known as oyatoi gaikokujin. On the other hand, the University of Tokyo’s scholars in public law were intimately involved in the creation of a constitutional system, and the relationship between the military and academia was not a straightforward one. All the dramas which developed with the University of Tokyo as the main stage formed the core of knowledge in modern Japan. Yet, we are surprisingly ignorant who created knowledge at the University of Tokyo in the past, and how. This lecture series not only tells of the fruits of modern academia, but also serves to rediscover the people, backgrounds, and settings where the University of Tokyo was the stage where “knowledge” was born. This series will trace the people who were involved in creating and transforming scholarship, leading up to the reforms attempted after World War II and the intellectual struggles during the university dispute.

Content List

1:29
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#1 A New Gakumon no Susume (An Encouragement of Learning) - Where Do Universities Come From? Where Are They Going?

Overview: An overview of the lecture series will be presented. Throughout modern times, what kind of knowledge was created at the University of Tokyo, and who were the people involved in its creation? This lecture will broadly examine the exchange with overseas universities and scholars, the state of academia, and political conditions which served as the context for knowledge creation.

Lecturer | Shunya Yoshimi
1:29
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1:25
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#2 Between "Beat the whites" and "by Jap anyway" - Humiliation and Glory for Physicists

Overview: The explanation often given for the reason science was introduced to Japan during the latter days of the Tokugawa shogunate and during the Meiji Restoration was because it was expected to serve as a “tool” to enable the ideology of fukoku kyōhei (enrich the nation and strengthen the military). However, Japanese science is highly competitive internationally in fields removed from practic…

Lecturer | Takuji Okamoto
1:25
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1:29
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#3 Uchida Yoshikazu and Tange Kenzō – Architecture During, and After, World War II

Overview: The study of architecture at the University of Tokyo was predominant also in the area of design from the time of the Yasuda Lecture Hall – a fixture on the Hongō Campus – and “Uchida Gothic” to the time of the Tokyo Olympics and the Osaka World’s Fair. Tange Kenzō was the greatest star professor of this era, but at the same time, there were also people like Takayama Eika who made advanc…

Lecturer | Terunobu Fujimori
1:29
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1:24
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#4 Between Hiraga Yuzuru’s Naval Architecture and Academic Purges

Overview: There was a rather intimate relationship between military technology and scholarship at Tokyo Imperial University in the years leading up to, and during, World War II. The figure symbolizing this relationship is Hiraga Yuzuru, the president of Tokyo Imperial University during those years. This lecture will look at Hiraga Yuzuru’s work in naval architecture, and the work he did as presid…

Lecturer | Hiroyuki Yamato
1:24
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1:32
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#5 The Reception of Modern German Medicine in Japan and Developments at the University of Tokyo (Tokyo Medical School, Daigaku Tōkō)

Overview: Modern Japanese medicine developed with German medicine as its base. There were many turning points in the introduction of German medicine. This lecture will present the historical background behind the introduction of German medicine to Japan, and the influence it had on Japanese medicine and medical care.

Lecturer | Ryozo Nagai
1:32
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1:27
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#8 Shiratori Kurakichi and the Formation of Oriental Studies in Japan

Overview: In the course of humanities being formed in Japan, a variety of disciplines generally categorized as Oriental Studies appeared. In fact, these disciplines were strongly oriented toward how to view the relationship between Japan and Asia. Oriental History was created as a modern form of academic knowledge which distinguished itself from the  kangaku Chinese studies tradition of the Edo P…

Lecturer | Seiichiro Yoshizawa
1:27
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1:30
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#9 Takano Iwasaburō and the Study of Economics in Japan

Overview: In contrast to Meiji Period academia, which pushed forward by importing “Western” knowledge while simultaneously discovering the “Orient,” Japanese academia from the Taishō Period onward discovered “problems” and “values” within its own society. Could we not say that Takano Iwasaburō spearheaded the process of separating the Faculty of Economics from the Faculty of Law, and within the k…

Lecturer | Haruhito Takeda
1:30
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1:01
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#10 Henry Dyer and Japanese Engineering

Overview: The foundation of modern engineering in Japan was heavily influenced by Scottish engineering. Lord Kelvin of the University of Glasgow sent his disciple Henry Dyer to Japan, where he led a group of young Scottish engineers who were very active at the Imperial College of Engineering. In the background of these activities were the developments in railways, civil engineering and heavy indu…

Lecturer | Shoji Kato
1:01
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00:36
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#10 Henry Dyer and Japanese Engineering 2

近代日本の工学は、スコットランドの工学の影響を強く受けて基礎が築かれた。グラスゴー大学のケルヴィン卿が弟子のヘンリー・ダイアーを日本に派遣し、ダイアーを中心とするスコットランド若手工学者たちが工部大学校で大活躍していく。その背景には、19世紀英国における鉄道や土木技術、重工業の発展があり、いわば産業革命のエッセンスが明治日本に直輸入されたのである。講義では、このことの意味を考える。また最後に、その…

Lecturer | Takehiko Hashimoto
00:36
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1:36
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#11 Toda Teizō and Japanese Sociology

Overview: The role that Toda Teizō played in Japanese sociology was similar to Takano Iwasaburō’s in statistics and economics. The importation of the empiricism of Comte, et al. and the emphasis on observation as a method led to social research in areas such as social policy and family research around the 1920s. Sociology discovered “class” and “family” as new subjects of research. This lecture w…

Lecturer | Kenji Sato
1:36
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1:28
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#12 Fujisawa Rikitarō and Japanese Mathematics

Overview: Fujisawa Rikitarō is the one who laid the foundation for both mathematics research and education in modern Japan. Fujisawa was the first to author standard articles on mathematics, and train his successors using a modern, seminar-style format. Mathematicians with global reputations, such as Takagi Teiji, were among the students trained by Fujisawa. This lecture will look at the efforts …

Lecturer | Kazuo Okamoto
1:28
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#13 Three-Way Discussion – The University Dispute and the Future of Academia

Overview: When considering the historical position of education and learning at the University of Tokyo which today is at a turning point, reference must inevitably be made to the reforms initiated by Nanbara Shigeru during the Occupation and the failed reforms during the university dispute in the late 1960s. Close to half a century has already passed since the university dispute, and we are now …

Lecturer | Shunya Yoshimi, Takuji Okamoto, Tadashi Karube
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