Series
AY 2016

Mathematical Science Developing from Figures (Global Focus on Knowledge)

Coordinator: Takashi Tsuboi (Faculty of Science) Navigator: Masahiko Kanai (Faculty of Science) It was already known to some people four thousand years ago that the triangle with edge lengths 3, 4 and 5 is a right-angled triangle. The Pythagorian Theorem asserts that for a right-angled triangle, the sum of squares of two legs is equal to the square of the hypotenuse. This theorem gives a relationship between figures and numbers; however, some more time was necessary for people to understand the fact in this way. This understanding should have opened the ways to design things that the society wants. Streets in your town, each building there, each furniture in your room, the personal computer on your desk, books, your cellphone, … that you see every day are all designed using nice properties of the figures. Because planar polygons such as triangles and quadrilaterals form the faces of three-dimensional figures, it was necessary to understand their properties well. In Euclid’s Elements written over two thousand years ago, deductive theories of figures and quantities based on axioms are developed. Our modern life is founded on the basis of these rigorous theories on figures. The world of three-dimensional figures is so rich that new phenomena continue to be discovered today. This lecture series addresses how properties of the figures have been understood and how that understanding is applied to the real world, and explains the recent social requests and the development of modern mathematical science on figures to respond these requests. A grasp of high school mathematics is sufficient background knowledge to take this course.

Content List

Polyhedra

1:11
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#1 Euler’s Formula and The Regular Polyhedra

Probably you feel that you know very well about POLYHEDRA, surrounded by a plenty of them in your daily life. Surprisingly enough, though, there are quite a few open problems on them, which are stated in purely elementary words so that even small children can understand what those problems mean. These three lectures are designed as a rather informal or casual introduction to the subjects. Indeed,…

Lecturer | Masahiko Kanai
1:11
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1:00
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#2 Rigidity and Deformation of Polyhedra

Probably you feel that you know very well about POLYHEDRA, surrounded by a plenty of them in your daily life. Surprisingly enough, though, there are quite a few open problems on them, which are stated in purely elementary words so that even small children can understand what those problems mean. These three lectures are designed as a rather informal or casual introduction to the subjects. Indeed,…

Lecturer | Masahiko Kanai
1:00
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00:52
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#3 Unsolved Problems on Polyhedra

Probably you feel that you know very well about POLYHEDRA, surrounded by a plenty of them in your daily life. Surprisingly enough, though, there are quite a few open problems on them, which are stated in purely elementary words so that even small children can understand what those problems mean. These three lectures are designed as a rather informal or casual introduction to the subjects. Indeed,…

Lecturer | Masahiko Kanai
00:52
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Periodicity and Symmetry

1:14
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#6 Recognizing Symmetry, Recognizing Periodicity

We can discover many symmetric figures in everyday life and in nature. Numerous artworks possess beautiful symmetry as well. Periodicity can be observed in a multitude of infinitely expanding figures. We can describe symmetry and periodicity in the space by mathematics. Then we can classify the symmetry or the periodicity into finitely many groups.

Lecturer | Takashi Tsuboi
1:14
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1:25
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#7 Understanding Space with Rotations and Translations

We can discover many symmetric figures in everyday life and in nature. Numerous artworks possess beautiful symmetry as well. Periodicity can be observed in a multitude of infinitely expanding figures. We can describe symmetry and periodicity in the space by mathematics. Then we can classify the symmetry or the periodicity into finitely many groups.

Lecturer | Takashi Tsuboi
1:25
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1:26
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#8 Polyhedra That Fill the Space

We can discover many symmetric figures in everyday life and in nature. Numerous artworks possess beautiful symmetry as well. Periodicity can be observed in a multitude of infinitely expanding figures. We can describe symmetry and periodicity in the space by mathematics. Then we can classify the symmetry or the periodicity into finitely many groups.

Lecturer | Takashi Tsuboi
1:26
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Looking at the Shape of Space from Four-Dimensional Polytopes

1:34
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#11 Let's Look at Four-Dimensional Figures

We can project three-dimensional figures on a plane, but how can we visualize four-dimensional figures? In these lectures, we will first consider regular polyhedra in the four-dimensional space. Second, the lecture will explain the history of space recognition from Euclid’s Elements to the discovery of non-Euclidean geometry and Riemannian geometry. Furthermore, the lecture will describe ap…

Lecturer | Toshitake Kohno
1:34
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1:39
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#12 What Does It Mean That Space Is Curved?

We can project three-dimensional figures on a plane, but how can we visualize four-dimensional figures? In these lectures, we will first consider regular polyhedra in the four-dimensional space. Second, the lecture will explain the history of space recognition from Euclid’s Elements to the discovery of non-Euclidean geometry and Riemannian geometry. Furthermore, the lecture will describe ap…

Lecturer | Toshitake Kohno
1:39
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1:36
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#13 Topology of the Universe

We can project three-dimensional figures on a plane, but how can we visualize four-dimensional figures? In these lectures, we will first consider regular polyhedra in the four-dimensional space. Second, the lecture will explain the history of space recognition from Euclid’s Elements to the discovery of non-Euclidean geometry and Riemannian geometry. Furthermore, the lecture will describe ap…

Lecturer | Toshitake Kohno
1:36
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Audio-Only
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