Have you ever heard of the word "laïcité"? The French-Japanese dictionary at hand says (1) "non-religiousness, secularity," and (2) "separation of church and state (ideology), independence (of education, etc.) from religion, religious neutrality”; however, "laïcité" is a special term that is inseparable from the history of the French Republic. It is often regarded as a strict separation of church and state, but there are some events that cannot be explained by this alone. In this lecture, we will take a fresh look at French history and society using this term as a clue.

NOTE:
- This lecture was conducted only in Japanese.